![]() įrancis Bacon developed empirical theory of knowledge and introduced inductive logic in his work Novum Organum, a play on Aristotle's title Organon. Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel of Prague is said to have invented the Golem, a clay man brought to life. Paracelsus claimed to have created an artificial man out of magnetism, sperm and alchemy. The method would be developed further by Gottfried Leibniz in the 17th century. Llull described his machines as mechanical entities that could combine basic truth and facts to produce advanced knowledge. Ramon Llull, Mallorcan theologian, invents the Ars Magna, a tool for combining concepts mechanically based on an Arabic astrological tool, the Zairja. Ismail al-Jazari created a programmable orchestra of mechanical human beings. The word " algorithm" is derived from his name. This was "perhaps the first machine with a stored program." Īl-Khwārizmī wrote textbooks with precise step-by-step methods for arithmetic and algebra, used in Islam, India and Europe until the 16th century. The Banū Mūsā brothers created a programmable music automaton described in their Book of Ingenious Devices: a steam-driven flute controlled by a program represented by pins on a revolving cylinder. Jabir ibn Hayyan developed the Arabic alchemical theory of Takwin, the artificial creation of life in the laboratory, up to and including human life. Porphyry wrote Isagogê which categorized knowledge and logic, including a drawing of what would later be called a " semantic net". He produced what may have been "the world's first practical programmable machine:" an automatic theatre. Hero of Alexandria created mechanical men and other automatons. This was the first example of a feedback mechanism. Ĭtesibius invents a mechanical water clock with an alarm. Aristotle also described means-ends analysis (an algorithm for planning) in Nicomachean Ethics, the same algorithm used by Newell and Simon's General Problem Solver (1959). Īristotle described the syllogism, a method of formal, mechanical thought in the Organon. Yan Shi presented King Mu of Zhou with mechanical men which were capable of moving their bodies independently. by discovering the true nature of the gods, man has been able to reproduce it." Hermes Trismegistus would write "they have sensus and spiritus. Sacred mechanical statues built in Egypt and Greece were believed to be capable of wisdom and emotion. Greek myths of Hephaestus and Pygmalion incorporated the idea of intelligent automata (such as Talos) and artificial beings (such as Galatea and Pandora). This is a timeline of artificial intelligence, sometimes alternatively called synthetic intelligence.Īntiquity, Classical and Medieval eras Date
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